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《 水泵的维护与检修技术知识》

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发表于 2012-9-4 12:01:47 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
水泵的维护与检修技术知识
目 录
一. 概述....................................................................................................................................................7
1.泵维护的类型........................................................................................................................................7
1.1.事故后维护.........................................................................................................................................7
1.2.定期预防性维护.................................................................................................................................7
1.3.对设备进行监控的预测性维护..........................................................................................................7
1.4.积极性维护.........................................................................................................................................8
2.泵的故障及排除故障的基本原则........................................................................................................8
3.结论........................................................................................................................................................8
二. 水泵振动原因分析..............................................................................................................................9
1.水泵振动原因........................................................................................................................................9
1.1.电气方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.2.机械方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.3.水力方面.............................................................................................................................................9
1.4.水工及其它方面.................................................................................................................................9
2.消除水泵振动危害的技术措施...........................................................................................................10
2.1.电动机振动常见原因及消除措施.....................................................................................................10
2.2.水泵振动常见原因及消除措施........................................................................................................10
2.3.其它原因引起的机组振动及消除措施.............................................................................................11
三. 水泵故障诊断及消除措施................................................................................................................11
1.无液体提供,供给液体不足或压力不足............................................................................................11
2.泵运行一会儿便停机...........................................................................................................................12
3.泵功率消耗太大..................................................................................................................................12
4.泵的填料函泄漏太大..........................................................................................................................13
5.轴承温度太高......................................................................................................................................13
6.填料函过热..........................................................................................................................................13
7.转动部件转动困难或有磨擦...............................................................................................................14
8.泵运行时存在异常振动及声音...........................................................................................................14
四. 水泵机组各部件检修的技术要求....................................................................................................14
1.主轴部分..............................................................................................................................................14
1.1.泵轴跳动标准...................................................................................................................................14
1.2.泵轴的校直方法................................................................................................................................15
1.2.1.冷直法.............................................................................................................................................15
1.2.2.局部加热法.....................................................................................................................................15
1.2.3.内应力松弛法.................................................................................................................................16
1.2.4.机械加热直轴法..............................................................................................................................16
2.转子部分...............................................................................................................................................16
2.1.轴套:................................................................................................................................................16
2.2.平衡盘................................................................................................................................................17
2.3.叶轮....................................................................................................................................................17
2.4.叶轮口环的检修工艺.........................................................................................................................17
3.轴承部分...............................................................................................................................................18
3.1.滑动轴承............................................................................................................................................18
3.2.滚动轴承............................................................................................................................................18
4.密封装置...............................................................................................................................................19
4.1.压盖....................................................................................................................................................19
4.2.填料环................................................................................................................................................20
5.联轴器...................................................................................................................................................20
五. 泵机组解体检修报告的内容............................................................................................................21
1.水泵机组解体的报告部分...................................................................................................................21
2.水泵机组总装的报告部分....................................................................................................................21
六. 机械密封的检修工艺........................................................................................................................22
1.机械密封的清扫与检查........................................................................................................................22
2.机械密封组装技术尺寸校核................................................................................................................22
3.动环和静环端面的研磨........................................................................................................................23
4.轴套检查...............................................................................................................................................23
5.密封圈...................................................................................................................................................23
6.弹簧.......................................................................................................................................................23
七. 机械密封的拆装...............................................................................................................................24
1.拆卸时注意事项...................................................................................................................................24
2.安装时注意事项...................................................................................................................................24
八. 机械密封失效问题............................................................................................................................25
1.泄漏点种类..........................................................................................................................................25
2.泄漏原因分析及判断...........................................................................................................................25
3.影响泵用机械密封外部条件...............................................................................................................27
4.机械密封泄漏常见的原因及处理措施................................................................................................31
九. 高温重质油泵用机械密封的选用....................................................................................................33
1.高温重质油泵的介质特点:...............................................................................................................33
2.高温重油介质泵用机械密封目前使用情况........................................................................................33
3.高温重油介质泵用机械密封选用参考注意事项................................................................................33
4.液态烃泵用机械密封的选用...............................................................................................................34
十. 机械密封在热水工况中的应用........................................................................................................34
1.概述...................................................................................................................................................34
2.热水工况用传统的机械密封方案.......................................................................................................35
3.两种适用于热水工况的密封方式.......................................................................................................35
3.1.润滑槽”(LUBE GROOVE)密封........................................................................................................35
3.2.“液体缓冲垫”(HYDROPAD)密封...............................................................................................36
4.热水工况用机械密封型式比较...........................................................................................................37
十一. 阀门的动、静密封形式....................................................................................................................37
1.动密封..................................................................................................................................................37
1.1.填料函形式:......................................................................................................................................37
1.2.填料...................................................................................................................................................38
1.3.波纹管密封.......................................................................................................................................38
2.静密封..................................................................................................................................................39
2.1.垫圈材料...........................................................................................................................................39
2.2.常用垫圈性能...................................................................................................................................39
2.3.新材料和新技术...............................................................................................................................40
十二. 泵和阀门用盘根的安装与调节........................................................................................................41
1.需要的工具..........................................................................................................................................41
2.清洁和检查..........................................................................................................................................41
3.测量与记录..........................................................................................................................................41
4.选择盘根..............................................................................................................................................42
5.盘根环的准备......................................................................................................................................42
6.安装盘根...............................................................................................................................................42
7.调整盘根...............................................................................................................................................42
7.1.泵用盘根............................................................................................................................................42
7.2.阀门用盘根........................................................................................................................................42
8.再次紧固和替换...................................................................................................................................43
十三. 填料(盘根)拆装............................................................................................................................43
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................43
2.填料密封装置的拆卸............................................................................................................................43
3.填料的装配...........................................................................................................................................43
4.填料密封的故障及排除方法................................................................................................................44
十四. 密封垫片的安装...............................................................................................................................44
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................44
2.安装前的检查工作...............................................................................................................................44
3.安装.......................................................................................................................................................45
十五. 骨架油封的常见故障原因及排除方法............................................................................................46
1.概述.......................................................................................................................................................46
2.常见故障原因及排除方法....................................................................................................................46
十六. 磁力油封及其安装技术要求............................................................................................................48
1.磁力油封的结构型式............................................................................................................................48
2.磁力油封的使用条件............................................................................................................................49
3.设备精度要求.......................................................................................................................................49
4.磁力油封的安装步骤............................................................................................................................49
十七. 各种连接方式泄漏消除方法............................................................................................................49
1.除螺纹接(堵)头泄漏方法................................................................................................................49
1.1.注入密封剂的操作方法.....................................................................................................................50
1.1.1 0°操作法....................................................................................................................................50
1.1.2 .中间操作法....................................................................................................................................51
2.消除阀门填料函泄漏的方法................................................................................................................51
2.1.原理:................................................................................................................................................51
2.2.方法....................................................................................................................................................51
2.2.1. G型卡具+钻孔...............................................................................................................................51
2.2.2.攻丝钻孔+注射阀...........................................................................................................................52
2.2.3.夹具+注射阀..................................................................................................................................52
3.消除管道与设备连接泄漏方法...........................................................................................................52
3.1.概述...................................................................................................................................................52
3.2.安装夹具...........................................................................................................................................52
3.3.按“0°操作法”注入密封及消除泄漏。.......................................................................................53
4.消除法兰垫片泄漏的方法...................................................................................................................53
4.1.普通夹具堵漏法...............................................................................................................................53
4.2.凹凸面法兰、榫槽面法兰的特殊堵漏方法.....................................................................................53
4.3.局部堵漏法(用于压力不高的大直径法兰).................................................................................53
4.4.法兰付全密封方法............................................................................................................................54
4.5.焊(镶嵌)软铅法兰夹具................................................................................................................54
4.6.填料充填法兰夹具............................................................................................................................54
4.7.顶压注射法消除泄漏........................................................................................................................55
5.消除管道泄漏方法...............................................................................................................................55
5.1.夹具堵漏法.......................................................................................................................................55
5.2.管夹堵漏方法...................................................................................................................................55
5.3.密封胶带缠绕法...............................................................................................................................55
5.4.局部堵漏...........................................................................................................................................56
5.5.用顶压注射法消除泄漏....................................................................................................................56
6.管壁减薄严重的管道带压堵漏...........................................................................................................56
6.1.用环槽夹具堵漏...............................................................................................................................56
6.2.遮盖和加固的堵漏方法....................................................................................................................56
6.3.夹具加现场部分焊接的堵漏方法.....................................................................................................57
十八. 滚动轴承的简易诊断........................................................................................................................57
1.听诊法..................................................................................................................................................57
2.磁塞法..................................................................................................................................................58
3.测量法..................................................................................................................................................58
十九. 轴承的润滑与保养............................................................................................................................59
1.润滑的目的..........................................................................................................................................59
2.润滑方法及优缺点...............................................................................................................................59
3.润滑脂润滑...........................................................................................................................................59
3.1.轴承润滑脂的维护保养.....................................................................................................................59
3.2.选择轴承润滑脂的技巧.....................................................................................................................60
4.润滑油润滑...........................................................................................................................................61
4.1.油浴法................................................................................................................................................61
4.2.滴注供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.3.飞溅式供油法....................................................................................................................................61
4.4.循环供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.5.喷射供油法........................................................................................................................................61
4.6.喷雾供油法........................................................................................................................................62
4.7.油气供油法........................................................................................................................................62
4.8.润滑油的更换周期.............................................................................................................................62
4.9.油润滑油的维护与保养.....................................................................................................................62

一. 概述
泵,作为一种通用机械,在国民经济的各个部门中应用十分广泛。农业方面的排涝、灌溉,冶金工业中各种冶炼炉液体的输送,石油工业中的输油、注水,化学工业中高温、腐蚀液体的排送,电力工业中锅炉水、冷凝水、循环水的输送等都离不开泵..。随着国民经济的快速发展,对泵的安全可靠运行提出了越来越高的要求。在电力工业中,如果锅炉给水泵由于某种原因发生故障而中断给水,则汽包在一二分钟内就可“干锅”,从而引发重大设备事故;在冶金工业中,如果输送冲天炉冷却水的泵因故障而停止送水,几分钟内,冲天炉就可能因高温而熔化;在抗洪抢险中,如果排涝泵因故障停止工作,就可能威胁到人民的生命财产..。可见,泵的安全运行与整个国民经济的发展密切相关,泵的维护和检修至关重要。
1.泵维护的类型
1.1.事故后维护
􀁺 这种维护方法允许机械工作到有明显故障发生,采取的措施是将损坏的设备或元件拆下来进行修理或更新。这样

。。。。。。。。。。。。

水泵的维护与检修技术知识-油气储运网搜集.pdf (1.02 MB, 下载次数: 10, 售价: 5 金币)
发表于 2020-6-2 09:09:12 | 显示全部楼层

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